Endocrine Abstracts

Most cases of gynecomastia are idiopathic. Among the most frequently identified etiologies are: persistent pubertal gynecomastia, hypogonadism, anabolic steroids and other pharmaceutical drugs use. In the literature, ginecomastia is a well-recognized manifestation of thyrotoxicosis in male patients (in the range of 10% to 40%). However, it is extremely rare in clinical practice as the initial presentation of thyrotoxicosis. The two main factors that contribute to gynecomastia ...

Introduction: Prembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, is one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in different organ systems, including endocrine glands. While thyroid dysfunction is among the most common endocrinopathies reported, ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) is extremely rare, with an overall incidence ranging from 0.9 to 2%.</p...

Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) imaging is able to localize parathyroid adenomas/carcinomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumours are one of the skeletal manifestations of long standing hyperparathyroidism and its incidence has been reported to be 3%. Radiological features of these tumors may mimic bone metastasis. There are only a few reports showing brown tumours uptake in the whole-body Tc-sestamibi scan.We report a 72-year-old female wi...

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors may develop a range of long-term complications that arise years after therapy. Among these, the endocrine dysfunctions are a major concern. Aim: To investigate the long-term endocrine effects of HL treatment.Methods: Revision of the HL patients’ medical files who were followed at our Endocrine Late-effects Clinics.Results: We studied 178 patients (86 (48.3%) were female), whose mea...

Context: Many pediatric cancer survivors have endocrine conditions. After alkylating agents, steroids, methotrexate and radiation, several endocrine dysfunctions may appear. Surveillance for late effects is recommended by worldwide guidelines.Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the endocrine outcomes of 764 patients followed during a 20 years period in our out-patient clinic.Design: The design was a retrospective ...

Introduction: Chemotherapy may be an important cause of primary infertility, especially in girls submitted to this therapy at very young ages.Clinical case: A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at the age of 1. She was submitted to chemotherapy: intrathecal methotrexate and cyclophosphamide and i.v. doxorubicin, vincristine, mercaptopurine, asparaginase and bone marrow transplantation at the age of 2. She was ref...

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with a considerable risk of complications including thromboembolic events (TE). They occur mostly within the first 2–3 months postoperatively. When present before surgery, CS has high rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity. The benefit of steroidogenesis inhibitors after TE is not fully known. Furthermore, little guidance is available regarding TE assessment/management in CS. We report a case of a 34-year-old male admitte...

False elevation of estradiol(E2) due to immunoassay interference is a rare but important phenomenon reported in the literature. It is most commonly related to cross-reactivity(CR) from drugs sharing structural similarity with E2, namely fulvestrant and exemestane. These laboratory interferences(LI) can lead to unnecessary investigation/inappropriate treatments. Therefore, in such instances, a more selective and sensitive method is required. We present the case of a young femal...

Introduction: Asparaginase is a component of chemotherapy regimens used to treat paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). One of its well-known side effects is hyperglycaemia which is probably related to hypoinsulinemia. Its incidence rises significantly when associated with corticotherapy. We present two cases of diabetes related to asparaginase and corticoid administration.Case 1: Eleven-year-old girl diagnosed with an ALL. Before treatment she ...

IntroductionTurner syndrome(TS) is characterized by complete/partial monosomy or by a structural defect in one of X chromosomes. Despite clinical hallmarks of short stature(SS) and gonadal dysgenesis(GD), phenotype is variable and related to underlying chromosomal pattern. Loss of the distal segment of the short arm of x-chromosome(Xp-), including haploinsufficiency of short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene, is thought to be the main factor for gr...